which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism. Randomly selected students whom teachers believefalselyto have greater potential end up performing better. Several other terms account for roughly the same thing. The sentence Newtons account of celestial mechanics is correct . Why? This is a way of emphasizing the importance of an improbable outcome. The increases to Work in Process-Roasting Department for Highlands Coffee Company for May as well as information concerning production are as follows: Workinprocess,May1,1,150pounds,40%completed$1,700CoffeebeansaddedduringMay,10,900pounds28,600ConversioncostsduringMay12,504Workinprocess,May31,800pounds,80%completedGoodsfinishedduringMay,11,250pounds\begin{array}{lr}\text { Work in process, May 1, 1,150 pounds, } 40 \% \text { completed } & \$\hspace{10pt}1,700 \\ \text { Coffee beans added during May, 10,900 pounds } & 28,600 \\ \text { Conversion costs during May } & 12,504 \\ \text { Work in process, May 31, } 800 \text { pounds, } 80 \% \text { completed } & - \\ \text { Goods finished during May, } 11,250 \text { pounds } & -\end{array} . Sales of vegetarian foods vary by season. The independent variable is manipulated to cause-effect on the dependent variable and the dependent variable is measured to examine the effect In another type of distinction, some explanatory arguments are general, given that they have application to a wide range of possible observable outcomes; others are singular, in that they apply only to a specific outcome. A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment. d. Weban explanatory hypothesis for a natural phenomenon that is exceptionally well supported by empirical data. Record the facts. WebTranscribed image text: www.bbt.com Our Time.com Cesearch Foundations, Process, and Ethics Savod Which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis? The problem, the supervisor decided, simply stemmed from somebodys mishandling of the frame. Proponents of the paranormal seized on them as new evidence of visitations from other galaxies; said one Patrick Delgado, author of several profitable books on the subject: No human being could have done this. Note: See Section 6. If you evaluate the probability of the appearance of the comet but include in your background evidence the assumption that Newton is correct, then (setting aside the problem this would probably be the fallacy of begging the question) the probability of the 1758 comet would be very highit is, after all, derived from the Newtonian explanation as its outcome! But it is highly probable, whether my theory is true or false, that the reviews will be good or bad or somewhere in between. Conduct the experiment over and over again. I was being more careful about my health because I was engaged in the experiment. If the prior probability of the outcome is high, then we expect the outcome to happen anywayeven if the hypothesis is false. If it is a singular explanation, you can ask if it is the sort of thing that is known to happen, and if it tends to happen more frequently than do the alternatives. If the Earth is surrounded by a sea of air that decreases uniformly in pressure as the altitude increases, then Periers barometer reads 30 inches at 0 feet, 28.7 inches at 1,300 feet, 28.2 inches at 1,800 feet, 27.2 inches at 2,800 feet, and 26.2 inches at 3,800 feet, and 25.2 inches at 4,800 feet. This interlocks with the test, under the preceding improbable-outcome criterion, of asking whether an explanation for the outcome already exists. Like their close cousins, inductive generalizations, explanatory arguments aim to expand our knowledge. Write a paragraph about the 1760 s in the American colonies in which you use these vocabulary words: Why did Austria-Hungary object to Serbia's desire to establish an independent state? Explanatory arguments typically expand our knowledge by offering a different subject matter in the conclusion. It describes why the individual is having problems. c. athletes have higher moral development than nonathletes Men were exposed more frequently to the elements, since they did the hunting and tree cutting. After much research, he found that comets with similar orbits had also been observed in 1530 and in 1606. Resistance is the mechanism by which we refuse to allow these repressed memories to be brought back to the surface. b. a. This point can be broadened: vague statements, in general, are more likely to be true than precise ones. WebShort Answer. I subconsciously wanted the test to succeed, so I tended not to count less severe colds that I otherwise would have counted. Hypotheses and theories are not derived from observed facts, but invented in order to account for them. b. Neither the researchers nor the study's participants know who is receiving the drug and who is receiving the placebo. A. This closure did not occur during a normal period. It is much harder to invent an explanation that successfully predicts future observations. Nevertheless, we clarify and evaluate the argument just like the comet argument. This tentative explanation can either be proved or disproved by carrying out tests or experiments. Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. [If competition for food among finches on Galapagos is the main cause of extremes in beak sizes, then there are extremes in beak sizes on Galapagos finches, there is no relevant difference in food from island to island, and in conditions of scarcity the finches with extremes survive best. WebIntrospection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible. William James was the ________. Circles that had only later begun to appear elsewhere, they suggested, were created by copycats. Applying Newtons laws to these data, he boldly made the following prediction: A comet with an orbit similar to the 1530 and 1606 comets will appear in December 1758. e. b and c, a. athletes view aggressive acts that would be judged inappropriate in society in general as more appropriate in the sport environment, The research examining the relationship between aggression and performance supports which conclusion? , For years, scientifically trained observers dismissed voodoo death as primitive superstition. Another contemporary of his, French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal, suspected that Torricelli was right but that a greater altitude was required to prove it. The second premise states that the observable outcome has happenedthat it really has been observed. 1 Definitions In this instrument: chronic renal failure means: (a) having a glomerular filtration rate of less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for a period of at least 3 months; or (b) a need for renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation) for treatment of complications of decreased glomerular filtration rate It is an argument. An experiment that makes it possible to determine decisively between alternative hypotheses. To be useful in the scientific method, an observation must be: Despite all the intellectual analyses the scientific method gives rise to and objective conclusions it makes possible, it CANNOT. The researchers also monitored a drought that killed off 85 percent of the finches on an island one year. And, finally, you can ask if the explanation is sufficiently simple. Singular explanationan explanation that is designed to apply only to a single thing or event. a. reactive versus instrumental Structure an explanatory argument, when it would be loyal to do so, as follows: the first premise states that if the explanation is correct, then a specified outcome of it will be observable; the second premise states that the outcome has been observed; and the conclusion states that the explanation is thus correct. The experimental subjects do not know which (if any) treatment they are receiving. From 20 percent to 25 percent more eggs under the filters hatched successfully than those that were unshielded. , I can remember, not long ago, listening to a pal rail about a mutual friends apparently overwhelming need to flirt with every man in a given room. Organisms are able to maintain relatively constant internal conditions that may differ from the external environment. It is conducted to have a better understanding of the existing problem, but will not provide conclusive results. For singular explanationssuch as The butler did it or This man was a Marine sergeantthe best question to ask is this: Is this sort of thing known to occur, and does it occur more frequently than do the leading alternatives? Life is organized on many levels within individual organisms, including atoms, cells, tissues, and organs. WebA hypothesis is a potential answer to the question, one that can somehow be tested. For a solution to be termed a scientific hypothesis, it has to be an idea that can be supported or refuted through carefully crafted experimentation or observation. The deception explanation should often be considered, but it is subject to the same high standards that apply to any other explanatory argument. Even across the street I could see a great blue anchor tattooed on the back of the fellows hand. And it is highly probable that we will have any observation at all. So, an unfalsifiable explanation fails the improbable outcome test. He argued that, by super-cooling the stomach, acid production was reduced and the ulcer relieved. e. a and c, General strategies for controlling spectator aggression include which of the following? The argument concludes with the assertion of the explanation. Empirical knowledge is knowledge that is based on experience and observation. The plumber couldve called the man or sent a note (enclosed, perhaps, with his bill) to straighten things out, but wrote Dear Abby where there was a good chance it wouldnt be published or the man wouldnt read it; how often does a well-intentioned person take such an ineffective action to right a wrong? Then NASAs Donald Bogard compared the meteorites fingerprint of noble gases to those found on Mars by the Viking landerand discovered that they matched closely. Web16.4 Summary of Chapter Sixteen. 1. Why would you try to persuade your friend of something you have both just agreed is true? unintentional aggression. What distinction (if any) is there between a scientific theory and a conceptual one that might lead you to disagree with this argument? One test is to ask whether it offers only as many explanatory entities as needed. Your first thought would probably be that this supports the explanation that we are sometimes able to see into the future via our dreams. Here is one of the classic exchanges:[4], Dear Abby: Im a traveling man whos on the road five days a week. WebSchedule 1 - Dictionary . In the 17th century, the Italian mathematician Torricelli hypothesized that the Earth was surrounded by a sea of air, which decreased in pressure uniformly as the altitude increased. Some believers in the paranormal hold that skeptical attitudes can inhibit paranormal results. observation - question - hypotheses - predictions - results of investigation - conclusions Which are true of a hypothesis? A pathway by which we can come to discover and better understand our world. Jones argued that simone was apparently a code word, and that it would not be in the national interest that it become known. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions. When have you had to convince someone to do something? The first premise states that the theory, or the explanation, really does enable you to predict the facts, or the observable outcome. WebExploratory research: Definition. Which of the following would be classified as an aggressive act? You can now see that you squandered your one opportunity. Blue jay reproduction rates were measured in both habitats before and after the treatment. 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